E Coli, Coli Escherihija, Koli Eserihija

22 MAG 2008 was a day of great loss when the world has lost an exceptional healer and I lost a great father and mentor, Dr. Enes Hasanagic. A vacuum was created that same day, a void that no person or idea can fill. Dr. Enes Hasanagic was a natural healer. His magic with herbs and oils could treat or help with problems caused by urinary tract infections, liver disease and gastrointestinal problems. His life was dedicated to serving people who have suffered from urinary tract infectionscaused by the bacteria E-coli.

His book âýýTreating Herbsâýý liver patients with physicians has been reprinted four times in the former Yugoslavia. His thoughts and ideas were regularly published in newspapers and magazines. During its early days, some of the studies have been conducted in Canada and Sweden. Parts of his book can not be seen hasanagic.org commercial websites.

His herbal drops or rather should I say magical drops were the best forNow for the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by E. coli / Eserihija Koli / bacteria. In most cases, the drugs do not work in normal infections, and these people usually end up taking antibiotics for years without any significant success. Such cases are more common in women and girls. However, their drops of herbal magic can solve such prolonged cases 5 to 7 days. The list of people who had benefited from are endless. This high-writing is an excerpt of his thoughts,discuss various aspects of infections caused by E. coli.

E. coli is a bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The name is derived from Ayye coliâýý its scientific name Escherichia coli + (Genus + species). One study showed that E. coli represent approximately 0.1% of total bacteria in the intestines of adults. These bacteria are happily living in our intestinal tract, the normal flora and are called enteric bacteria. Bacteriapresent in our body plays an important role in the development and functioning of our bodies and keep us healthy. For example, E. coli produces most of the B vitamins and vitamin K for our body.

However, these bacteria are essential and useful only in those regions of the body that are directly exposed to external environment, such as the intestine, respiratory system, etc. These bacteria are not present in our blood and tissues within the body.

Now the questioncomes with many useful features, such as Escherichia coli is bad for us? The answer lies in the difference in genetics. E. coli and other bacteria are present as different âýýstrainâýý like humans, and some of these strains can be bad for us. Herein lies the danger, an E. coli happens to have genetic information to produce some harmful substances in the body, we need a doctor as soon as possible.

The strain responsible for any E. coliis E. coli O157: H7, a member of the EHEC - enterohemorrhagic E coli, a group of intestinally-related organism that causes hemorrhaging and blood loss.

This strain of E. coli produces a toxin called Shiga toxin and Vero toxin-like. This toxin is a type of protein that can cause cell damage that the bowel wall. The infection can be severe and can cause loss of water and salt from the body damage, blood vessels, causing bleeding and hemorrhaging. Thiscondition is potentially very dangerous for young children, because your body can not tolerate the loss of much blood and other fluids.

In some cases other syndrome called hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is involved. Renal failure and loss of blood cells, especially red cells characterize this syndrome. HUS can combine with other things in the bloodstream to produce more lethal combination. Severe infections can cause permanent kidney failure. This syndrome is very common in children andproblem starts 5-10 days after diarrhea.

E. coli is the leading cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), both nosocomial and community acquired, representing about 3.9 million cases of ambulatory care and 1 percent of all outpatient visits in United States. According to a report in the United States, about 50 percent of women experience at least one episode of urinary tract infection during their lifetime. Urinary tract infection or urinary tract infections are more common in men with prostatic hypertrophy, sexually activeor pregnant women and people with urinary catheters. E. coli after originating in the colon, contaminates the urethra and goes to the upper kidney and bladder. Besides these, food contamination is considered the main cause of E. coli.

Early symptoms may take up to seven days seems to be the first appearance of symptoms depends on many factors like the number of organisms ingested, the health of the person and the level of natural resistance in particular. Symptomsusually begins with sudden and acute abdominal cramps leading to watery diarrhea. The diarrhea changes to bright red blood in a day as the infection causes ulcers in the intestine which lasts two to five days. The infection may have a mild fever, vomiting or nausea. The disease is a kind of self that emerges from rotation only 7 or 8 days, but if there is blood in the stool, it is possible that a critical phase.

The diagnosis of infection by E. coli basically requires stool testing for its presence. Thiscan be tested in two ways, one to test the growth of bacteria in the culture dish and second, testing the stool for Shiga-like toxin that is produced by bacteria. Various blood tests such as BUN (electrolytes, urea nitrogen), CBC (blood count) and creatinine (a measure of kidney function) are performed at regular intervals to examine the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Patients usually recover without antibiotics or drugs within 5 or 10days. There is no evidence that antibiotics improve the course of the disease. Antibiotics, in some cases can accelerate kidney complications. It is also recommended to avoid anti-diarrheal medications such as loperamide (Imodium). HUS is critical condition and is usually treated by intensive care. Dialysis and required frequent blood transfusions. Some important drugs used in treatment are Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, gentamicin sulfate and tobramycin sulfate.

Herbaceousdrugs were found to be very effective in the treatment of infections caused by E. coli, especially in protracted cases. There are many instances where cases have been resolved for many years with herbal drops within 5 to 7 days.

Prevention is better than cure drugs in case of infection by E. coli. Hygiene and cleanliness are two major aspects of prevention. Raw meat was found to cause principal stress vector. Clean surfaces that may come into contact with raw meat before using themagain. Wash thoroughly before and after handling raw meat foods. Keep children away from foods that are more prone to these infections. The best advice, of course, is to be smart and be informed. There is great risk involved in this and just use common sense to reduce the level of risk.

Chronic kidney disease

People with chronic renal failure and uremia show a constellation of symptoms, signs and laboratory abnormalities, in addition to those observed in acute renal failure. This reflects the nature of their long-standing kidney failure, progressive and results in many tissue types.

Therefore, osteodystrophy, neuropathy, bilateral kidneys showed little abdominal ultrasonography, and anemia are typical initial results suggest that a chronic course of a singlenewly diagnosed with kidney failure in the absence of the basis of elevated BUN and serum creatinine.

One of the most typical causes of kidney failure is diabetes mellitus, continuous, closely adopted by hypertension and glomerulonephritis. Polycystic kidney disease, obstruction, and viruses are among the most typical is the chronic renal failure. The pathogenesis of acute renal disease is very different from permanent kidney disease.

Although acute lesions in the kidneycauses of death and detachment of tubular epithelial cells, often followed by regeneration, with restoration of regular architecture, the results provide continuous irreversible loss of nephrons. As a result, more weight is supported by fewer nephrons practices, which manifests as an improvement in glomerular filtration pressure and hyperfiltration.

For factors not well understood, this compensation hyperfiltration, which can be thought of as a form of "high" ofnephron level of the person, predisposes to fibrosis and scarring (glomerular sclerosis). As a result, the rate of destruction of nephrons and reduced increases, thus accelerating the progression of uremia, the complex of symptoms and signs that occurs when the residual renal target is insufficient.

Thanks to the extraordinary reserve of the kidneys practice, up to 50% of the nephrons can be lost with the evidence of short-term functional impairment. So people with twoHealthy kidneys are able to donate one for the transplant. When GFR is reduced even more, leaving only 20% of the initial renal capacity, some degree of azotemia (increased blood vessels of the products normally excreted by the kidneys) shows.

However, patients may be largely asymptomatic, simply because a new equilibrium is reached in the blood vessels levels of these products are no longer sufficient to cause overt toxicity. However, even in thisapparently stable level of evolution of renal hyperfiltration to accelerate end-stage chronic renal failure in progress.

Moreover, simply because people with this level of reserves TFG small practice, you can easily become uremic with any additional power (eg, viruses, obstruction, dehydration, or nephrotoxic drugs) or any other state catabolic in connection with a higher turnover of nitrogen - containing products with reduced GFR.

Thepathogenesis of renal failure resulting in ongoing part of the poisonous mix of results (1) stored products normally excreted by the kidneys (eg, nitrogen containing elements of the process of protein metabolism), (2) the regular products, such as hormones already present in abundance, and (3) the lack of normal kidney products (eg, loss of erythropoietin).

Results failure excretory fluid shifts, an increase of intracellular Na + and water and decreasingIntracellular K +. These alterations may contribute to the purpose of subtle alterations in a series of enzymes, transport systems, and so on. Patients with chronic renal failure usually have some degree of Na + and water also, reflecting the loss of renal excretion of salt and water.

A moderate degree of Na + and drinking too much water can happen without objective indicators of excess extracellular fluid. However, excessive intake continued Na + contributes to failureheart failure, hypertension, ascites, peripheral edema and weight gain. On the other hand, excessive intake of drinking water contributes to hyponatremia.

A recommendation for the typical patient with renal failure continues to avoid excessive salt intake and limiting fluid intake to make sure it is equal to the production of urine and 500 ml (insensible losses). Other adjustments to the standard can be done either through the use of diuretics (in a patient who otherwise makes the urine) ordialysis.

Why do these people also have impaired renal salt and water conservation mechanisms, are much more sensitive than normal to + sudden extrarenal sodium and water loss (eg, vomiting, diarrhea, increased sweating and fever). In these circumstances, much easier to create low ECF, the deterioration of renal ulterior motives (which may not be reversible), and vascular collapse or even shock.

Symptoms and indicators of dry mucous membranes,dizziness, syncope, tachycardia, decreased filling of the jugular vein, suggesting that the increase in the amount of exhaustion. Hyperkalemia is a serious problem in chronic renal failure, especially for those whose GFR fell below 5 ml / min. Above that level, such as falling glomerular filtration rate, aldosterone-mediated increase in K + transport in the distal tubule in the form of compensation.

Therefore, a patient with a GFR 50 ml / min and 5 ml / min in tubular transport function to maintain the balance of K +.Treatment with K +-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors or blockers, drugs that can alter the aldosterone-mediated K + transport can therefore precipitate hyperkalemia dangerous for people with chronic renal failure.

People with diabetes mellitus (the main trigger for the permanent kidney failure) may have a hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism syndrome. This syndrome is actually a situation where the lack of production of renin by the kidney reduces levels of angiotensin II andconsequently hinders the secretion of aldosterone.

As a result, individuals are able to offset the decline in GFR, improving their aldosterone-mediated K + transport and therefore have relative difficulty of K + handling. This difficulty is usually manifested as hyperkalemia even before the GFR has fallen below 5 ml / min.

Finally, not only to patients with chronic renal failure much more sensitive to the effects of Na + overload or quantity, but also on the riserisk of hyperkalemia in the face of sudden loads of K + from endogenous sources (eg, hemolysis, viruses, trauma) or exogenous sources (for example, store the blood vessels, foods rich in K +, K + or medicines that contain).

The reduced ability to excrete acid and base results in continuous renal generate no metabolic acidosis. In most cases, when the GFR is above 20 ml / min, acidosis develops only a reasonable time before the re-establishment of a new steady state production and use of the buffer.The decrease in pH of the blood vessels in these individuals can usually be corrected with 20-30 mmol (2.3 g) of sodium bicarbonate orally every day.

However, these people are extremely sensitive to acidosis in the case of a sudden acid load or the appearance of problems to improve the acid load generated. Several problems of phosphate, Ca2 + metabolic process, and the bone can be seen in permanent kidney failure as a result of a complex series of events.

Key factorspathogenesis of these problems include (1) a decreased uptake of Ca2 + in the intestine, (some) overproduction of parathyroid hormone (three), disordered vitamin D metabolism, and (4) chronic metabolic acidosis. All these factors contribute to increased bone resorption.

Hypophosphatemia and hypermagnesemia can occur through excessive use of phosphate binders and antacids containing magnesium, although hyperphosphatemia is more typical. Hyperphosphataemia contributes to improvinghypocalcemia and thus serves as a trigger for additional secondary hyperparathyroidism, elevated PTH levels in the blood.

Vessels from the high PTH blood bones further reduced Ca 2 +, and contributes to the lack of chronic renal osteomalacia (see discussion below). Congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema may develop in the context of the amount of salt and overload.

Hypertension is a typical finding of chronic kidney failure, also, in general, based on fluid and Na + overload. However,hyperreninemia is also a recognized syndrome in which renal perfusion falls triggers excessive production of renal renin and therefore do not raise systemic blood pressure.

Pericarditis result of irritation and inflammation of the pericardium by uremic toxins is a complication whose incidence continues to kidney failure is decreasing due to the first institution of renal dialysis. Increased cardiovascular risk is a complication seen in patients with chronic renal failure and remainstrigger death in this population.

It is the result of a myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. Cardiovascular risk factors in these patients are hypertension, hyperlipidemia, glucose intolerance, increased heart valve calcification and chronic myocardial ischemia is a consequence of increased Ca2 + x PO43 product as well as other less well characterized uremic middle .

People with permanent kidney failuremarked abnormalities in red blood cells, white cells and clotting parameters purpose vessels. Normochromic, normocytic anemia, with signs and symptoms of apathy and fatigue easily and usually hematocrit levels in the range of 20-25% is a constant feature.

The anemia is due to the lack of production of erythropoietin and the lack of its stimulating effect on erythropoiesis. Therefore, people with chronic renal failure, dialysis, regardless of location, show aa significant improvement in hematocrit during therapy with erythropoietin (epoetin alfa).

Other causes of anemia may include the effects of suppression of the bone marrow of uremic toxins, bone marrow fibrosis of blood vessels due to elevated PTH, the toxic effects of aluminum (phosphate binding antacids and dialysis solutions) and hemolysis and blood loss associated with dialysis (while the individual is anticoagulated with heparin).

People with chronic renal failure show abnormal haemostasisshows the highest reduction of bruises, the increase in surgery of blood vessels, and a high incidence of spontaneous gastrointestinal hemorrhage and stroke (including hemorrhagic stroke and subdural hematomas).

Laboratory abnormalities include prolonged bleeding time, decreased platelet factor III, platelet aggregation and adhesion abnormal prothrombin and the use of altered, this is not fully reversible, even in patients on dialysis as well. Uremia is associated with highsusceptibility to infections, considered by the removal of leukocytes from uremic toxins.

The repression appears to be greater for neutrophils and lymphoid cells also appear to affect the chemotaxis, the acute inflammatory response, delayed hypersensitivity and leukocyte functions more than others. Acidosis, hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, and malnutrition are also thought to contribute to immunosuppression in renal continuum.

The invasive nature of dialysisand the use of immunosuppressive drugs in patients undergoing kidney transplantation also contribute to an increased incidence of infections. Signs and symptoms of CNS and the variety of indicators could sleep disorders and mild impairment of mental concentration, poor memory, misconceptions, and neuromuscular irritability (manifested as hiccups, cramps, twitches and spasms) of asterixis, myoclonus, stupor, convulsions and coma in terminal uremia.

Asterixis is manifested in involuntarybeat movement is seen when the arms are extended and wrists restricted to "stop the visitors." E 'due to the damaged nerve conduction in the wide range of metabolic encephalopathy causes, including renal failure.

Peripheral neuropathy (upper and lower extremity sensory and motor high), which is characterized by restless legs syndrome (localized sense some discomfort and involuntary movements of the lower limbs), is a frequent finding in continuous renalfailure and an important signal for the start of dialysis.

Patients on hemodialysis may develop aluminum toxicity, characterized by the word dyspraxia (inability to repeat words), myoclonus, dementia and seizures. Similarly, aggressive acute dialysis imbalance can result in a syndrome characterized by nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, headache, seizures, and within an individual with a much larger roll.

Presumably, this really is an impact of rapid change in pH or osmolalityin the extracellular fluid, causing cerebral edema. GI nonspecific findings in uremic patients include anorexia, hiccups, nausea, vomiting, and diverticulosis. Although its pathogenesis is not obvious, many of these outcomes improve with dialysis. Lord with uremia have reduced amounts of estrogen, which perhaps explains the high incidence of amenorrhea and the observation that almost never are able to carry a pregnancy to term.

Regular periods, but a higher rate of productivitypregnancy usually return with frequent dialysis. Similarly, low testosterone levels, impotence, oligospermia, and germinal cell dysplasia are common findings in men with permanent kidney failure. Finally, continuous renal failure kidney removed as a site of degradation of insulin, which increases the half-life of insulin.

This usually has a stabilizing effect in patients with diabetes whose blood glucose was previously difficult to control. Skin markings are derived from numerousthe results of continuous renal currently under discussion.

Renal failure patients may appear pale due to continuous changes in anemia, accumulation of metabolites on the color or gray pigment as a result of transfusion-mediated hemochromatosis, bruising and hematomas as a result of bleeding disorders, and pruritus and excoriations be the result of Ca2 + deposits of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Finally, when the concentrations of urea arehigher sweat evaporation leaves a residue of urea called "uremic frost".

The detection of kidney disease: the first two stages

Chronic kidney disease is divided into five stages, ranging from an early stage, with little apparent effect on the final phase in which the patient is life-saving dialysis or awaiting a transplant. Each stage has certain characteristics and detection methods. The more you know the various signs and effects of being at every stage, before they can get a proper diagnosis from your doctor. Early detection is the best key to effective treatment.

The first phase leaves the patient withRenal function by 90%. A person can survive at this level, but it is necessary to identify the root causes, and treatments can be treated. If you take no action at this point, the disease is more likely to move to the next level. Phase Two leaves only 60-89% of renal function, such as damage to these organs is higher.

The difficulty is that there are no obvious symptoms of renal dysfunction in both phases. This could lead to a lack of detection at a crucial time in which the the disease could have been nipped in the bud, or reduced before it was much worse. Therefore, it is essential that the person has his usual annual review of physical, including blood and urine tests extended. Even in the absence of other physical symptoms, these tests can detect:

1) High levels of creatinine (indicating how well the kidneys are filtering waste)
2) high levels of protein (another indicator of inefficiency in filtering waste)
3) blood urea> Levels of nitrogen (urea kidneys taken from the blood and expel the urine, but blood levels are high, this is another indication of the absence of the kidneys)

Besides the possibility of early detection of blood and urine, high blood pressure is an indication of known problems with kidney function. Indeed, it is the symptom most often cited, which can cause kidney disease, or because of it. So if a person increases blood pressure, this may be an incentive to make the urineand blood, kidney disease and to identify or exclude it. And all the steps (medication, exercise, dietary changes) must be taken to lower blood pressure.

If blood tests and urine indicates a possible problem, physicians can go further and do a kidney biopsy, a CT scan done, or an MRI. So even in these early stages, but it is more difficult, it is possible to detect incipient renal disease. What is needed is vigilance and close monitoring, regular.

Renal cat - Tips to recognize the signs of kidney failure in cats

His criticism to seek veterinary treatment immediately if signs of a kidney problem in a cat. The sooner your cat receives treatment that is more likely to have a longer life with you. While chronic kidney disease arrives for an extended period of time, acute renal failure is an emergency. Here are some tips on recognizing symptoms of kidney failure in cats.

Feline kidney is vulnerable to a range of deadly diseases that can lead to kidney failure in a cator chronic renal failure. Your vet would probably agree with the statistics to see more cats 7 years of age who have symptoms of kidney failure in cats.

The risk of feline kidney disease can be inherited. Some long-haired breeds such as Angora and Persian cats and short hair and the Abyssinians are genetically more prone to kidney problems, whether acute or chronic renal failure.

The main difference between acute and chronic renal failure in cats is that acuteKidney failure is a very serious situation that occurs relatively quickly - over a week or a month. Chronic renal failure creeps in your cat for a long time, even years.

The most common causes of acute renal failure include locks that prevent a good flow of blood to kidney stones in a cat or inflammation and block the flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder. The most common cause of kidney failure in cats occurs when the cat ingests a toxic substance such as antifreeze,pesticides, cleaning products and medicines for humans.

Signs of kidney failure in cats

Occasional vomiting
The increase in water consumption
Increased urination
Loss of appetite, weight loss

Your veterinarian can use a pair of terms "polydipsia" or "polyuria". Polydipsia means your cat is drinking lots of water - lots of it. On the other hand, polydipsia means your cat is urinating a lot - very, very. In fact, this may be the first sign of recognitiona cat kidney problem. When cleaning the litter box pee-balls are a number of cat litter, or unusually large.

If the veterinarian suspects of renal failure in a cat that will evaluate your cat's BUN. BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels as well. When these are high, it means that your cat's kidneys are not working and need extra help.

Traditionally, treatment of kidney failure in cats is determined by the disease that causes the disease. IfAcute renal failure is caused by a blockage of the urinary tract stone should be removed immediately. Treatment of chronic renal failure is a more conservative approach. This may include therapy, intravenous fluids and dietary modifications.

Diabetes Kidney Disease - Take Care

Diabetes kidney disease is usually rare, and diabetes is a disease in itself is not easy. This is a retrograde operation of the body that is caused by deficient secretion of insulin (Type 1) or ineffective because insulin (type 2) produced by the pancreas. Diabetes and kidney disease are closely related. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose to enter floating in the blood cells in the blood. With the entry of glucose into the cells that become the energyfor the body. If no insulin secretion, or is not working as it should, glucose continues to circulate in the bloodstream.

Of glucose in the blood over time may cause many complications such as blood vessels throughout the body are affected. This condition not only damages the kidneys, but also the eyes and heart. Neuropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular disease and other complications that affect many organs. Consequently, thepatient with diabetes is at the mercy of drugs as daily injections of insulin. If one or both kidneys are affected, poor kidney is a disease of diabetes. If the condition becomes chronic damage, surgery may be an urgent need for transplantation.

The kidneys contain millions of tiny filters called nephrons. These nephrons have even smaller vessels with them. They destroyed evil in the course of time, when glucose levels are too high. The result is the failure of the kidneys, andwaste to be excreted in the blood remains the same rigor that cause problems. Careful monitoring of blood glucose levels reduces and prevents complications. Controlling blood sugar is often a good way to get this kind of control.

Symptoms of kidney disease:

High blood pressure can be recognized as an early symptom ofkidney disease, impaired the proper functioning of the kidneys. Therefore, maintaining normal blood pressure is essential. Here are two more symptoms associated with diabetes.

1. BUN increased above 30 mg / dl is a symptom of the kidney is not functioning properly doctors want to observe. Therefore, maintaining the level of urea in the limit of what is absolutely necessary.

2.Creatinine is another waste product that normally should have been expelled. The normal size should be between 0.6 and 1.2 mg / dl. When there is an increase above 1.2, is a sure indication of kidney function is impaired. Therefore, the adoption of strict control measures at this level issaid.

Kidneyfailure symptoms and treatment:

Strong back pain is a symptom of kidney failure at baseline. The incidence of diabetes is kidney failure known as end-stage renal disease. Therefore, with symptoms of renal failure, becomes little chance of survival with routine medications. Dialysis or a transplant can give better results. Whatever the treatment of renal disease has changed the style of living with diabetes is selected food must be free of anyrisks.

Description of "biochemical profile of blood"

For patients who are not familiar with the world of medicine, the word "blood chemistry profile," can be scary. In fact, the profile of blood chemistry is simply to examine the chemistry of the blood. Biochemical profile of blood is a primary diagnostic tool used by medical personnel. And "ordered by the physician to determine health status.

For the chemical profile of the blood, a blood sample is drawnthe upper extremity. You will have to fast for this test. This means you should not eat or drink for a specified period of time. Components of this include blood glucose, electrolytes, liver enzymes and renal function. The FPG will determine the level of glucose in your body. This is usually used to determine if you have diabetes. The renal function test determines the levels of uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN),BUN / creatinine and creatinine. If you have high uric acid, which may have kidney stones, gout and metabolic diseases. BUN is used to evaluate liver and kidney function. Meanwhile, creatinine is used to determine if you have kidney function problems.

Electrolytes are discussed in the CBC are sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and carbonate. Sodium is important for water and salts in the body. An atypical case of sodium in the body couldmeans dehydration, kidney function problems or other medical problems. Meanwhile, potassium is important for normal functioning of the heart's electrical rhythm. As the sodium chloride is important in maintaining fluid balance in the body. Baking is an indicator of acid-base balance of blood.

This test will also examine how the liver enzymes glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic (SGOT), lactic dehydrogenase,alkaline phosphatase and liver enzymes. If one of these enzymes is an outlier, may be a problem in the liver.

Knowing your blood chemistry profile is very important to determine if it is healthy or have health problems. Although it can be asymptomatic, the result of the blood test can show some abnormalities that may be easy to use. Chemical analysis of blood is a routine procedure and is not dangerous and not very painful.

Description of "biochemical profile of blood"

For patients who are not familiar with the world of medicine, the word "blood chemistry profile," can be scary. In fact, the profile of blood chemistry is simply to examine the chemistry of the blood. Profile of blood chemistry is an essential tool of diagnosis used by medical personnel. And "ordered by the physician to determine health status.

For the chemical profile of the blood, a blood sample is drawn from the upper extremities. Need Speedfor this test. This means you should not eat or drink for a specified period of time. Components of this include blood glucose, electrolytes, liver enzymes and renal function. The FPG will determine the level of glucose in your body. This is usually used to determine if you have diabetes. The renal function test determines the levels of uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urea / creatinine and creatinine. If you have high uric acid, iscan kidney stones, gout and metabolic diseases. BUN is used to evaluate liver and kidney function. Meanwhile, creatinine is used to determine if you have kidney function problems.

Electrolytes are discussed in the CBC are sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and carbonate. Sodium is important for water and salts in the body. An atypical case of sodium in the body could mean dehydration, kidney function problems or other medical problems. Meanwhile,Potassium is important for normal functioning of the heart's electrical rhythm. As the sodium chloride is important in maintaining fluid balance in the body. Baking is an indicator of acid-base balance of blood.

This test will also examine how the liver enzymes glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic (SGOT), lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and liver enzymes. If one of these enzymes has an extreme value couldis a liver problem.

Knowing your blood chemistry profile is very important to determine if it is healthy or have health problems. Although it can be asymptomatic, the result of the blood test can show some abnormalities that may be easy to use. Chemical analysis of blood is a routine procedure and is not dangerous and not very painful.

BUN Test - Diagnosing Kidney Disease cash

If the doctor suspects that you have the symptoms of kidney disease, you may request a BUN test for you. It is a blood urea nitrogen, indicating how well the kidneys are working. Suspicious symptoms include swelling of the hands or feet (or whole body), urinating more or less, and unexplained fatigue.

How does a bun test?

As the liver metabolizes food, it decomposes and produces amino acidsNitrogen> as part of the waste product urea. When the kidneys are functioning properly travels urea by the liver to the kidneys for excretion in the urine. However, if the kidneys are not working properly, do not remove urea from the most effective, increasing levels of blood urea nitrogen.

A BUN test measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood to diagnose if you have a kidneyproblem. This test is often done with a creatinine test the blood for an accurate diagnosis. Determines the BUN-to-creatinine, which may help reveal whether there are other problems such as dehydration affects the results.

BUN Test Results

If the results show that blood levels of urea nitrogen are higher than normal kidneys may be damaged. The normal range is7.20 milligrams (mg) of urea nitrogen per deciliter (dL) of blood for adults and 5 to 18 mg / dL for children.

However, a higher than normal result does not necessarily indicate a kidney disease. The results of the urea may be elevated due to dehydration, heart failure, trauma, internal bleeding, bad food.

If you are in renal failure and on dialysis, you may need to undergo BUN test to determine if you are getting the rightamount of dialysis. A low score may indicate that they are getting enough protein, a common complication in stage 5 or ESRD. You can also indicate that they are over-hydration or liver failure.

Levels of blood urea nitrogen tend to increase as you age, so his age is also taken into account in evaluating the results. So it will be gender, men tend to have better outcomes than women.

Preparing for BUNTest

The test involves taking a blood sample from a vein in your arm. It can usually be done without fasting, but your doctor may recommend that you do not eat much protein to less than 24 hours before the test.

If you are taking medications you should inform your doctor as it may interfere with the results. For example, corticosteroids, diuretics and some antihypertensive drugs may increase the levels of urea nitrogen, and antibioticssuch as streptomycin can decrease.

What is the metabolic panel, complete blood analysis, or CMB?

The metabolic panel, complete blood count, or CMP is usually ordered by a physician as part of an annual physical examination or as a way to determine the cause of a symptom or complaint. The CMP is usually a panel or group of 14 blood tests that were designed to assess organ function. Usually, the doctor provides vital information about the current state of your liver, kidneys, blood sugar, blood proteins, electrolytes and acid / basebalance.

CMP blood test for any organ dysfunction by measuring electrolytes, albumin, prealbumin, calcium, glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin. The levels of BUN and creatinine are indicators of the ability of the kidneys to remove wastes from the blood. Abnormally high levelsindicate the possibility of kidney disease. An unusually high proportion of BUN and creatinine, which means reduced blood flow to the kidneys, while an abnormally low ratio of BUN and creatinine indicating lower levels of urea and malnutrition. Measurement of electrolytes such as potassium dioxide, sodium, chlorine and carbon, may provide clues to problems with heart disease, dehydration and vomiting.

Unusually large amounts of bilirubin,AST, ALP and ALT are indicators of liver function problems. Abnormally high levels of bilirubin may indicate hemolysis, jaundice, cirrhosis, bile duct obstruction or acute hepatitis. Too much bilirubin, AST, alkaline phosphatase, ALT indicates the possibility of a disease or liver damage.

Abnormally high levels of glucose show the presence of diabetes and glucose levels low point of hypoglycemia. High levels of glucose can also be caused by pancreatitis, steroids, stress and liverdisorder. With regard to the levels of protein and low pre-albumin and albumin can mean malnutrition, liver disease, kidney disease, diarrhea, gastrointestinal protein loss, burns, infections, fever, obesity, trauma, hypocalcemia, edema or. Note that the pre-albumin is a better marker of rapid nutritional changes. Meanwhile, calcium is a mineral that is vital in hormonal activity, blood clotting nerve impulses and muscle contraction. Abnormal calcium levels can indicateBone disease problems, kidney or pancreas.

BUN Test - Diagnosing Kidney Disease cash

If the doctor suspects that you have the symptoms of kidney disease, you may request a BUN test for you. It is a blood urea nitrogen, indicating how well the kidneys are working. Suspicious symptoms include swelling of the hands or feet (or whole body), urinating more or less, and unexplained fatigue.

How does a bun test?

As the liver metabolizes food, it decomposes and produces amino acidsNitrogen> as part of the waste product urea. When the kidneys are functioning properly travels urea by the liver to the kidneys for excretion in the urine. However, if the kidneys are not working properly, do not remove urea from the most effective, increasing levels of blood urea nitrogen.

A BUN test measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood to diagnose if you have a kidneyproblem. This test is often done with a creatinine test the blood for an accurate diagnosis. Determines the BUN-to-creatinine, which may help reveal whether there are other problems such as dehydration affects the results.

BUN Test Results

If the results show that blood levels of urea nitrogen are higher than normal kidneys may be damaged. The normal range is7.20 milligrams (mg) of urea nitrogen per deciliter (dL) of blood for adults and 5 to 18 mg / dL for children.

However, a higher than normal result does not necessarily indicate a kidney disease. The results of the urea may be elevated due to dehydration, heart failure, trauma, internal bleeding, bad food.

If you are in renal failure and on dialysis, you may need to undergo BUN test to determine if you are getting the rightamount of dialysis. A low score may indicate that they are getting enough protein, a common complication in stage 5 or ESRD. You can also indicate that they are over-hydration or liver failure.

Levels of blood urea nitrogen tend to increase as you age, so his age is also taken into account in evaluating the results. So it will be gender, men tend to have better outcomes than women.

Preparing for BUNTest

The test involves taking a blood sample from a vein in your arm. It can usually be done without fasting, but your doctor may recommend that you do not eat much protein to less than 24 hours before the test.

If you are taking medications you should inform your doctor as it may interfere with the results. For example, corticosteroids, diuretics and some antihypertensive drugs may increase the levels of urea nitrogen, and antibioticssuch as streptomycin can decrease.

BUN Test - Diagnosing Kidney Disease cash

If the doctor suspects that you have the symptoms of kidney disease, you may request a BUN test for you. It is a blood urea nitrogen, indicating how well the kidneys are working. Suspicious symptoms include swelling of the hands or feet (or whole body), urinating more or less, and unexplained fatigue.

How does a bun test?

As the liver metabolizes food, it decomposes and produces amino acidsNitrogen> as part of the waste product urea. When the kidneys are functioning properly travels urea by the liver to the kidneys for excretion in the urine. However, if the kidneys are not working properly, do not remove urea from the most effective, increasing levels of blood urea nitrogen.

A BUN test measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood to diagnose if you have a kidneyproblem. This test is often done with a creatinine test the blood for an accurate diagnosis. Determines the BUN-to-creatinine, which may help reveal whether there are other problems such as dehydration affects the results.

BUN Test Results

If the results show that blood levels of urea nitrogen are higher than normal kidneys may be damaged. The normal range is7.20 milligrams (mg) of urea nitrogen per deciliter (dL) of blood for adults and 5 to 18 mg / dL for children.

However, a higher than normal result does not necessarily indicate a kidney disease. The results of the urea may be elevated due to dehydration, heart failure, trauma, internal bleeding, bad food.

If you are in renal failure and on dialysis, you may need to undergo BUN test to determine if you are getting the rightamount of dialysis. A low score may indicate that they are getting enough protein, a common complication in stage 5 or ESRD. You can also indicate that they are over-hydration or liver failure.

Levels of blood urea nitrogen tend to increase as you age, so his age is also taken into account in evaluating the results. So it will be gender, men tend to have better outcomes than women.

Preparing for BUNTest

The test involves taking a blood sample from a vein in your arm. It can usually be done without fasting, but your doctor may recommend that you do not eat much protein to less than 24 hours before the test.

If you are taking medications you should inform your doctor as it may interfere with the results. For example, corticosteroids, diuretics and some antihypertensive drugs may increase the levels of urea nitrogen, and antibioticssuch as streptomycin can decrease.

BUN Test - Diagnosing Kidney Disease cash

If the doctor suspects that you have the symptoms of kidney disease, you may request a BUN test for you. It is a blood urea nitrogen, indicating how well the kidneys are working. Suspicious symptoms include swelling of the hands or feet (or whole body), urinating more or less, and unexplained fatigue.

How does a bun test?

As the liver metabolizes food, breaks down the amino acids and produce nitrogen as partwaste product, urea. When the kidneys are functioning properly travels urea by the liver to the kidneys for excretion in the urine. However, if the kidneys are not working properly, do not remove urea from the most effective, increasing levels of blood urea nitrogen.

A BUN test measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood to diagnose if you have a kidney problem. This test is often done with a blood test for creatininemore accurate diagnosis. Determines the BUN-to-creatinine, which may help reveal whether there are other problems such as dehydration affects the results.

BUN Test Results

If the results show that blood levels of urea nitrogen are higher than normal kidneys may be damaged. The normal range is 7 to 20 milligrams (mg) of urea nitrogen per deciliter (dL) of blood for adults and 5 to 18 mg / dLchildren.

However, a higher than normal result does not necessarily indicate a kidney disease. The results of the urea may be elevated due to dehydration, heart failure, trauma, internal bleeding, bad food.

If you are in renal failure and on dialysis, you may need to be tested to determine whether BUN you're getting the right amount of dialysis. A low score may indicate that they are getting enough protein, a common complication in the terminal stage 5 orrenal failure. You can also indicate that they are over-hydration or liver failure.

Levels of blood urea nitrogen tend to increase as you age, so his age is also taken into account in evaluating the results. So it will be gender, men tend to have better outcomes than women.

Preparing for the BUN test

The test involves taking a blood sample from a vein in your arm. Usually can be done without fasting, but your doctor may adviseDo not eat a large amount of protein of less than 24 hours before the test.

If you are taking medications you should inform your doctor as it may interfere with the results. For example, corticosteroids, diuretics and some antihypertensive drugs may increase the levels of urea nitrogen, and antibiotics such as streptomycin can decrease.

Description of "biochemical profile of blood"

For patients who are not familiar with the world of medicine, the word "blood chemistry profile," can be scary. In fact, the profile of blood chemistry is simply to examine the chemistry of the blood. Biochemical profile of blood is a primary diagnostic tool used by medical personnel. And "ordered by the physician to determine health status.

For the chemical profile of the blood, a blood sample is drawnthe upper extremity. You will have to fast for this test. This means you should not eat or drink for a specified period of time. Components of this include blood glucose, electrolytes, liver enzymes and renal function. The FPG will determine the level of glucose in your body. This is usually used to determine if you have diabetes. The renal function test determines the levels of uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN),BUN / creatinine and creatinine. If you have high uric acid, which may have kidney stones, gout and metabolic diseases. BUN is used to evaluate liver and kidney function. Meanwhile, creatinine is used to determine if you have kidney function problems.

Electrolytes are discussed in the CBC are sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and carbonate. Sodium is important for water and salts in the body. An atypical case of sodium in the body couldmeans dehydration, kidney function problems or other medical problems. Meanwhile, potassium is important for normal functioning of the heart's electrical rhythm. As the sodium chloride is important in maintaining fluid balance in the body. Baking is an indicator of acid-base balance of blood.

This test will also examine how the liver enzymes glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic (SGOT), lactic dehydrogenase,alkaline phosphatase and liver enzymes. If one of these enzymes is an outlier, may be a problem in the liver.

Knowing your blood chemistry profile is very important to determine if it is healthy or have health problems. Although it can be asymptomatic, the result of the blood test can show some abnormalities that may be easy to use. Chemical analysis of blood is a routine procedure and is not dangerous and not very painful.

What is the metabolic panel, complete blood analysis, or CMB?

The metabolic panel, complete blood count, or CMP is usually ordered by a physician as part of an annual physical examination or as a way to determine the cause of a symptom or complaint. The CMP is usually a panel or group of 14 blood tests that were designed to assess organ function. Usually, the doctor provides vital information about the current state of your liver, kidneys, blood sugar, blood proteins, electrolytes and acid / basebalance.

CMP blood test for any organ dysfunction by measuring electrolytes, albumin, prealbumin, calcium, glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin. The levels of BUN and creatinine are indicators of the ability of the kidneys to remove wastes from the blood. Abnormally high levelsindicate the possibility of kidney disease. An unusually high proportion of BUN and creatinine, which means reduced blood flow to the kidneys, while an abnormally low ratio of BUN and creatinine indicating lower levels of urea and malnutrition. Measurement of electrolytes such as potassium dioxide, sodium, chlorine and carbon, may provide clues to problems with heart disease, dehydration and vomiting.

Unusually large amounts of bilirubin,AST, ALP and ALT are indicators of liver function problems. Abnormally high levels of bilirubin may indicate hemolysis, jaundice, cirrhosis, bile duct obstruction or acute hepatitis. Too much bilirubin, AST, alkaline phosphatase, ALT indicates the possibility of a disease or liver damage.

Abnormally high levels of glucose show the presence of diabetes and glucose levels low point of hypoglycemia. High levels of glucose can also be caused by pancreatitis, steroids, stress and liverdisorder. With regard to the levels of protein and low pre-albumin and albumin can mean malnutrition, liver disease, kidney disease, diarrhea, gastrointestinal protein loss, burns, infections, fever, obesity, trauma, hypocalcemia, edema or. Note that the pre-albumin is a better marker of rapid nutritional changes. Meanwhile, calcium is a mineral that is vital in hormonal activity, blood clotting nerve impulses and muscle contraction. Abnormal calcium levels can indicateBone disease problems, kidney or pancreas.

Description of "biochemical profile of blood"

For patients who are not familiar with the world of medicine, the word "blood chemistry profile," can be scary. In fact, the profile of blood chemistry is simply to examine the chemistry of the blood. Biochemical profile of blood is a primary diagnostic tool used by medical personnel. And "ordered by the physician to determine health status.

For the chemical profile of the blood, a blood sample is drawnthe upper extremity. You will have to fast for this test. This means you should not eat or drink for a specified period of time. Components of this include blood glucose, electrolytes, liver enzymes and renal function. The FPG will determine the level of glucose in your body. This is usually used to determine if you have diabetes. The renal function test determines the levels of uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN),BUN / creatinine and creatinine. If you have high uric acid, which may have kidney stones, gout and metabolic diseases. BUN is used to evaluate liver and kidney function. Meanwhile, creatinine is used to determine if you have kidney function problems.

Electrolytes are discussed in the CBC are sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and carbonate. Sodium is important for water and salts in the body. An atypical case of sodium in the body couldmeans dehydration, kidney function problems or other medical problems. Meanwhile, potassium is important for normal functioning of the heart's electrical rhythm. As the sodium chloride is important in maintaining fluid balance in the body. Baking is an indicator of acid-base balance of blood.

This test will also examine how the liver enzymes glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic (SGOT), lactic dehydrogenase,alkaline phosphatase and liver enzymes. If one of these enzymes is an outlier, may be a problem in the liver.

Knowing your blood chemistry profile is very important to determine if it is healthy or have health problems. Although it can be asymptomatic, the result of the blood test can show some abnormalities that may be easy to use. Chemical analysis of blood is a routine procedure and is not dangerous and not very painful.

Assessing kidney function blood test

Renal function tests is a generic term for a type of individual events and processes that can be done to assess how well your kidneys are working.

Several conditions may have an effect on the kidneys' ability to perform its basic functions. Some cause a rapid (acute) deterioration of renal function, other create a slow deterioration (chronic) functionality. At the same time causes an increase of toxic substances in the blood. Many of the clinical laboratory teststhat measure levels of substances normally regulated by the kidneys may help solve the cause and degree of renal dysfunction.

Kidney function tests to see if the kidneys are doing their job enough. These tests are done on urine samples, and also on blood samples.

Healthy kidneys get rid of waste and excess fluid from the blood. The blood test will show if the kidneys deteriorate to eliminate waste. Urine tests can show howwaste from the body quickly removed and if the kidneys are leaking abnormal amounts of protein.

A series of blood tests that can help evaluate kidney function. These include:

1. Evidence of blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Urea is a byproduct of protein metabolism. This waste product is produced in the liver, then filtered and sent the blood in the urine from the kidneys. BUN test indicators of the amount of nitrogen in urea.

2.Creatinine tests. This blood test meters in the levels of creatinine, a byproduct of muscle energy metabolism, such as urea, is filtered from the blood by the kidneys and sent in the urine.

3. Other blood tests. High blood levels of other elements in the part controlled by the kidneys may be useful to assess renal function as well. These consist of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, protein, uric acid, andglucose.

High BUN levels can point to kidney dysfunction, but because BUN is affected by protein intake and liver function tests is also compiled along with a blood creatinine, a more accurate indicator of renal function. L " Urea is formed by the breakdown of food proteins. A normal BUN level is between 7 and 20 mg / dL. As renal function decreases, the BUN level.

Creatinine production is based on aindividual's muscle mass, which usually changes very little. With normal renal function, therefore, the amount of creatinine in the blood remains fairly stable and normal. For this reason, and because creatinine is affected very little liver function, blood creatinine is a more sensitive sign of impaired renal function BUN.

Creatinine levels in the blood may be different, and each laboratory has its own normal range. In aMany laboratories in the normal range is 0.6 to 1.2 mg / dl. Higher levels may indicate that the kidneys are not functioning properly. Because kidney disease spreads, so the level of creatinine in the blood increases.

What is the metabolic panel, complete blood analysis, or CMB?

The metabolic panel, complete blood count, or CMP is usually ordered by a physician as part of an annual physical examination or as a way to determine the cause of a symptom or complaint. The CMP is usually a panel or group of 14 blood tests that were designed to assess organ function. Usually, the doctor provides vital information about the current state of your liver, kidneys, blood sugar, blood proteins, electrolytes and acid / base.

CMP blood testcontrols organ dysfunction by measuring electrolytes, albumin, prealbumin, calcium, glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin . The levels of BUN and creatinine are indicators of the ability of the kidneys to remove wastes from the blood. Abnormally high levels can indicate kidney disease. An unusually high proportionBUN and creatinine, which means reduced blood flow to the kidneys, while an abnormally low rate of BUN and creatinine indicating reduced levels of urea and malnutrition. Measurement of electrolytes such as potassium dioxide, sodium, chlorine and carbon, may provide clues to problems with heart disease, dehydration and vomiting.

Unusually large amounts of bilirubin, AST, ALP and ALT are indicators of liver function problems. Abnormally high levels of bilirubinmay indicate hemolysis, jaundice, cirrhosis, bile duct obstruction or acute hepatitis. Too much bilirubin, AST, alkaline phosphatase, ALT indicates the possibility of a disease or liver damage.

Abnormally high levels of glucose show the presence of diabetes and glucose levels low point of hypoglycemia. High levels of glucose can also be caused by pancreatitis, steroids, stress and liver disorders. With regard to the levels of protein and low pre-albumin and albumin can mean malnutrition,liver disease, kidney disease, diarrhea, gastrointestinal protein loss, burns, infections, fever, obesity, trauma, hypocalcemia, or edema. Note that the pre-albumin is a better marker of rapid nutritional changes. Meanwhile, calcium is a mineral that is vital in hormonal activity, blood clotting nerve impulses and muscle contraction. Abnormal calcium levels can point to the problems of bones, kidneys or pancreas.

Signs and symptoms of kidney disease - Hypertension

Signs and symptoms of kidney failure may be similar to those of kidney failure, according to the degree of renal impairment. If the patient's kidneys lose the ability to concentrate urine, polyuria and nocturia may develop. If your kidney disease is renal failure and progresses, oliguria may develop. Your urine may have a specific weight and a high concentration of sodium. It may also be bloody or tea colored and contain high concentrations of mold and red> Blood Cells (RBC) and white blood cells (leukocytes).

The patient may have low serum sodium because of their inability to reabsorb sodium kidneys. You can also have a low serum calcium level caused by reduced renal absorption. And his serum potassium and phosphate may be high due to reduced renal excretion of potassium and phosphate.

If you have high urea nitrogen levels (BUN) and creatinine, kidney diseaseresult of urea. If the kidneys lose their ability to produce erythropoietin, can become anemic.

Kidney disease can cause symptoms of the patient's other body systems. There may be distension of the jugular vein, pulse full and bounding, peripheral edema, pulmonary edema and heart failure. It may show signs of metabolic acidosis, including Kussmaul breathing. And you can develop anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy and difficulty concentrating.

Signs and symptomsPeripheral vascular disease

In the early stages of peripheral vascular disease, the patient may experience pain in the calves or buttocks when walking, depending on the level of vascular occlusion. Usually, this pain, called claudication, disappears with rest.

You can determine the level of occlusion by palpation of peripheral pulses of the patient. If the femoral pulse is reduced, the disease may have the iliac artery. If the popliteal pulse is absent, you can have afemoral artery occlusion.

As the disease progresses, the pain each time to limit the activity of a patient, and will feel pain at rest. The pain can disrupt your sleep, forcing him to sleep with the legs in a dependent position. However, it further compromises the position of venous return, reducing blood flow to the legs.

You may also experience numbness and tingling caused by ischemic nerve tissue in the affected leg. The skin of the affected leg may be hairless, coldtouch, dry and bright. Nails can be enlarged. When the affected leg is elevated, may be evident. When you are in a dependent position, can be ruborous (red-blue-purple).

If the results of peripheral vascular disease in severe ischemia, painful ulcers may form at sites of pressure over bony prominences such as the heel, ankle, fingers and back of the foot. Usually, these ulcers are round, well circumscribed, and light gray. It also can be covered with black scabs.

What is the metabolic panel, complete blood count, or WBC?

The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel or CMP blood test is usually ordered by a physician as a component of an annual physical exam or as a way to determine the cause of a particular symptom or complaint. The CMP is usually a panel or group of 14 blood tests that are designed to assess organ function. It usually provides the doctor with vital information on the present state of your liver, kidneys, blood sugar, blood proteins, electrolyte and acid/base balance.

The CMP blood test checks for any organ dysfunction through the measurement of electrolytes, albumin, pre-albumin, calcium, glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and bilirubin. The levels of creatinine and BUN are indicators of the capacity of the kidneys to remove waste products from the blood. Abnormally high levels indicate the possibility of kidney disease. An unusually high ratio BUN and creatinine, which means reduced blood flow to the kidneys, while an abnormally low rate of BUN and creatinine indicating lower levels of urea and malnutrition. Measurement of electrolytes such as potassium dioxide, sodium, chlorine and carbon, may provide clues to problems with heart disease, dehydration and vomiting.

Unusually large amounts of bilirubin, AST, ALP and ALT are indicators of liver function problems. Abnormally high levels of bilirubinmay indicate hemolysis, jaundice, cirrhosis, bile duct obstruction or acute hepatitis. Too much bilirubin, AST, alkaline phosphatase, ALT indicates the possibility of a disease or liver damage.

Abnormally high levels of glucose show the presence of diabetes and glucose levels low point of hypoglycemia. High levels of glucose can also be caused by pancreatitis, steroids, stress and liver disorders. With regard to the levels of protein and low pre-albumin and albumin can mean malnutrition,liver disease, kidney disease, diarrhea, gastrointestinal protein loss, burns, infections, fever, obesity, trauma, hypocalcemia, or edema. Note that the pre-albumin is a better marker of rapid nutritional changes. Meanwhile, calcium is a mineral that is vital in hormonal activity, blood clotting nerve impulses and muscle contraction. Abnormal calcium levels can point to the problems of bones, kidneys or pancreas.

For cats in renal failure - Understand the test for cats in renal failure

Are you worried that your cat has kidney problems or urinary tract? After completing this article you will understand what the tests are carried out for cats in kidney failure. The key to extend the life of your cat is in contact with your veterinarian as soon as possible to have aa series of diagnostic tests. Your veterinarian will perform blood tests and urine tests to check for the key symptoms of chronic kidney disease in cats are.

It is important to understand some of the vocabulary used to conveythe state of the condition of cats in renal failure. Acute renal (or kidney) in your cat is characterized by the complete organ failure, where the kidneys stop working completely. Usually, acute renal failure occurs suddenly and can affect both young and old cats.This of kidney disease is almost always fatal, but if treated immediately and aggressively, kidneys can recover normal function and your cat can live a normal life.

Chronic kidney diseasethe most common disease. This type of kidney disease is usually experienced by cats of aging, when many of his major organs are decreased function. Unfortunately, when you notice symptoms of kidney failure in cats, approximately 70% of your cat's kidney function is already compromised. Is a progressive disease and eventually will result in the death of his cat. However, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment can keep your cat in comfort and relative good health for months, if notyears.

Since cats with kidney disease the kidneys are usually small, wrinkled, beat the area and the vet can take x-rays or ultrasound. The diagnosis comes from the most reliable blood tests and urine of your cat.

Blood test

A blood test determines the level of urea nitrogen in the blood of your cat. No, this is not a level of yeast, but BUN is blood urea nitrogen level, which is a chemicalthe liver produces from ammonia. After production, BUN is excreted by the kidneys, which increases in some diseases, especially for cats in renal failure. The test is also an indicator of dehydration in your cat or even a urethral obstruction such as bladder stones.

Blood tests also show the level of creatinine in the blood of your cat. Creatinine is a breakdown product of muscle and is normally excreted by the kidneys. If the creatinine level of your catabnormally high BUN helps confirm that the high level of your cat has been caused by kidney failure.

Urinalysis

The evaluation of urine from your cat, your veterinarian for signs of infection, concentration and protein loss. When a healthy cat is dehydrated proteins at the show focused. For cats in renal failure, the concentration of protein that is not where the key is to determine if your cat's kidneys are working properly or not.

Detecting Kidney Disease: Stages One and Two

Chronic Kidney Disease appears in five stages, ranging from an early stage with little obvious effect to a final stage where the patient is on life-saving dialysis or awaiting a transplant. Each stage has certain characteristics and means of detection. The more that people know the various signs and effects of being in each stage, the sooner they may get a proper diagnosis from their doctor. Early detection is the best key to effective treatment.

Stage One leaves the patient with 90% kidney function. The person can survive at this level, but it's still necessary to detect the problem so causes and treatments can be addressed. If they don't take steps at this point, the disease is very likely to progress to the next level. Stage Two leaves only 60-89% kidney function, as the damage to these organs has increased.

The difficulty is that there are no obvious symptoms of kidney dysfunction at either stage. This may lead to a lack of detection at a crucial time when the disease could have been nipped in the bud, or curtailed before it got much worse. So it's essential that the person have their regular yearly physical checkups, including urine tests and extensive blood work. Even with no other physical symptoms, these tests can detect:

1) elevated creatinine levels (which indicate how well the kidneys are filtering out wastes)
2) elevated protein levels (another indication of inefficiency in filtering wastes)
3) elevated blood urea nitrogen levels (kidneys take urea from the blood and expel it in the urine, but if the blood levels are high, this is another hint of failing kidneys)

In addition to the potential for early detection with blood and urine tests, high blood pressure is a well known hint of problems with kidney function. In fact, it's the most often mentioned symptom, which can either cause kidney disease, or be caused by it. So if a person's blood pressure rises, this can be a spur to doing the urine and blood tests, either to detect kidney disease or rule it out. And all steps (medication, exercise, alterations in diet) must be taken to bring the blood pressure down.

If blood and urine tests indicate a possible problem, doctors can go further and take a kidney biopsy, do a CT scan, or perform an MRI. So even at these early stages, while it's more difficult, it's still possible to detect incipient kidney disease. What it takes is vigilance, and thorough, regular checkups.

Renal cat - Tips to recognize the signs of kidney failure in cats

His criticism to seek veterinary treatment immediately if signs of a kidney problem in a cat. The sooner your cat receives treatment that is more likely to have a longer life with you. While chronic kidney disease arrives for an extended period of time, acute renal failure is an emergency. Here are some tips on recognizing symptoms of kidney failure in cats.

Feline kidney is vulnerable to a range of deadly diseases that can lead to kidney failure in a cator chronic renal failure. Your vet would probably agree with the statistics to see more cats 7 years of age who have symptoms of kidney failure in cats.

The risk of feline kidney disease can be inherited. Some long-haired breeds such as Angora and Persian cats and short hair and the Abyssinians are genetically more prone to kidney problems, whether acute or chronic renal failure.

The main difference between acute and chronic renal failure in cats is that acuteKidney failure is a very serious situation that occurs relatively quickly - over a week or a month. Chronic renal failure creeps in your cat for a long time, even years.

The most common causes of acute renal failure include locks that prevent a good flow of blood to kidney stones in a cat or inflammation and block the flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder. The most common cause of kidney failure in cats occurs when the cat swallows a toxic substance asantifreeze, pesticides, detergents and medicines for humans.

Signs of kidney failure in cats

Occasional vomiting
The increase in water consumption
Increased urination
Loss of appetite, weight loss

Your veterinarian can use a pair of terms "polydipsia" or "polyuria". Polydipsia means your cat is drinking lots of water - lots of it. On the other hand, polydipsia means your cat is urinating a lot - very, very. In fact, this may be the first sign ofrecognition of a kidney problem in a cat. When cleaning the litter box pee-balls are a number of cat litter, or unusually large.

If the veterinarian suspects of renal failure in a cat that will evaluate your cat's BUN. BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels as well. When these are high, it means that your cat's kidneys are not working and need extra help.

Traditionally, treatment of kidney failure in cats is determined bydisorder that causes the disease. If acute renal failure is caused by a blockage of the urinary tract stone should be removed immediately. Treatment of chronic renal failure is a more conservative approach. This may include therapy, intravenous fluids and dietary modifications.

Blood chemistry tests - What the doctor

When you go to the doctor can perform a series of "routine tests". However, there are several tests that painting pictures is completely different. For example, a CBC (complete blood count) is used to measure the level of blood cells and white blood cells and red blood cells. On the other hand, a chemistry panel measures the levels of various electrolytes (like sodium and potassium) and other chemicals in the blood. This article focuses on the panels and their chemical compositionmeaning.

Instructions: serum chemical tests can be very basic or very large. Some panels are 6 or 7 tests, while others may have 20 or more. A profile focuses on the basic chemistry of the most vital blood chemistries, such as sodium and potassium levels in the blood and evidence of kidney disease. On the other hand, the complete profiles include other tests such as tests to evaluate liver function. These tests have given a more detailed picture of your overall health.

Usmany chemicals in the blood. An aberration of the highest concentration of some of these can be life threatening. For example, when the level of sodium in the blood is very high, which can lead to coma or even death. On the other hand, an abnormal level of another chemical in the profile may simply be the result of a diseased organ, but in itself is not dangerous for the body. One example is the elevation of ALT and AST enzymes. Elevation of one or boththese enzymes is an indicator of liver inflammation, which may be due to several causes.

Potential Risks: This simply requires routine venipuncture, so the risk is minimal.

That is, the doctor may use when it comes to the test with you:
Alkaline phosphatase - an enzyme that when elevated, it usually means abnormal liver or bone
ALT - an enzyme that is a marker of liver abnormalities
AST - another enzyme that is a marker of liver abnormalities
bicarbonate - an indicator of acid-base balance of blood
BUN (blood urea nitrogen) - a substance that indicates how well the kidneys are working, mainly
Chloride - an important chemical in the blood
creatinine - a substance that indicates how well the kidneys are working
glucose - blood sugar. A sustained level of glucose indicating diabetes. (Anyone can have elevated levels of blood sugar after eating.)
Hypercalcaemia - a highconcentration of calcium in the blood
hyperkalemia - high concentration of potassium in the blood
hypernatremia - high concentration of sodium
hyperuricemia - a high concentration of uric acid in the blood. Uric acid is a substance that leads to gout.
hypokalemia - low potassium concentration in the blood
hyponatremia - low sodium concentration in the blood

Kidney disease - the underlying cause of resistant chronic hypertension (high blood pressure).

The kidneys are organs that regulate systemic blood pressure. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs in the back of the abdominal cavity beneath the lower edge of the rib cage and the upper limit of the pelvic cavity. The two kidneys regulate the volume of blood, excrete waste acids, metabolize drugs, electrolyte balance and produce certain hormones. Yes, the kidneys do much more than urine. In Chinese medicine, is still believed that the strength of the kidneys of controlbones, and fertility. This article will focus on how kidney disease can cause high blood pressure or cause intractable.

Hypertension accelerates renal failure. The reverse is also true. In physiology, it is always thought that kidney patients need high blood pressure to maintain tissue perfusion. This simply means that for the rest of the tissues of the body to continue to receive nutrients and oxygen through the blood, kidneys, blood pressure should increase. This is anatural survival mechanism that is incompatible with optimal health.

The renal vascular bed is a low pressure. In other words, the kidneys are very sensitive to changes in blood pressure and tend to react to spasm of the renal arteries (sclerosis) and increased blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin mechanism aldolsterone. Do not let this ride, I'll explain.

Renin is a hormone that is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells in response to a decrease in blood volume, lowpotassium, adrenaline down, or decrease renal perfusion pressure. Renin then becomes a protein of 10 amino acids (liver) called angiotensinogen to 8-amino acid polypeptide called angiotensin I. Angiotensin - still inactive, but active in the lungs of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to angiotensin II activates. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor. At the same time, renin stimulates the adrenal glands (adrenal glands) to secrete a hormone called aldosteronewhich in turn stimulate the nephrons of the kidney to reabsorb salt and water to expand blood volume. All this in an attempt to increase blood pressure.

Now, apart from atherosclerosis and blood viscosity, the leading cause of essential hypertension is the glomerular sclerosis. The glomerulus is the filtration apparatus of the kidneys. Glomerulo-sclerosis is a fancy way of saying that the glomerulus have been hardened by the debris, fibrin clots (fibrosis) and obstruction acid residues of the filters. Therefore, the pressureaccumulates. The flow is now more than off-flow. Nephron tubules or harden at the same time. call this nephrosclerosis. Diabetes can also accelerate this process, such as diabetic nephropathy.

Note that before hypertension is diagnosed, however, half of the kidneys are gone. If hypertension is accompanied by swelling of the legs, swollen eyes and fatigue in the absence of heart failure, renal must have been sick. The sad part is that renal function tests, asBUN and serum creatinine may be normal even in this time.

To avoid end-stage renal failure and hypertension assistant, an ounce of prevention is always better than a pound of cure. Stop all food that is bad for the kidneys, such as junk foods and devitalized fragmented. This fried foods, processed, medications such as aspirin, excess refined sugar, heavy metals (lead and cadmium) heavy animal protein, coffee and diuretics, especially antihypertensives.

Arestore the return to normal kidney before it is too late to do some debridement "with a mixture of enzymes containing proteolytic enzymes such as Nattokinase and Serrapeptase. Herbs environment as milk thistle, bearberry, parsley, beards corn, and buchu kidney. Raw fruits and vegetables also help to reinvigorate and kidney function without harmful drugs. To get rid of heavy metals, EDTA chelation is carried out, malic acid, vitamin C, N -acetylcysteine, magnesium, vitamin B6, CoQ10 andZinc.

Signs and symptoms of kidney disease - Hypertension

Signs and symptoms of kidney failure may be similar to those of kidney failure, according to the degree of renal impairment. If the patient's kidneys lose the ability to concentrate urine, polyuria and nocturia may develop. If your kidney disease is renal failure and progresses, oliguria may develop. Your urine may have a specific weight and a high concentration of sodium. It may also be bloody or tea colored and contain high concentrations of mold and red> Blood Cells (RBC) and white blood cells (leukocytes).

The patient may have low serum sodium because of their inability to reabsorb sodium kidneys. You can also have a low serum calcium level caused by reduced renal absorption. And his serum potassium and phosphate may be high due to reduced renal excretion of potassium and phosphate.

If he has elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, kidney diseaseresult of urea. If the kidneys lose their ability to produce erythropoietin, can become anemic.

Kidney disease can cause symptoms of the patient's other body systems. There may be distension of the jugular vein, pulse full and bounding, peripheral edema, pulmonary edema and heart failure. It may show signs of metabolic acidosis, including Kussmaul breathing. And you can develop anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy and difficulty concentrating.

Signs and symptomsPeripheral vascular disease

In the early stages of peripheral vascular disease, the patient may experience pain in the calves or buttocks when walking, depending on the level of vascular occlusion. Usually, this pain, called claudication, disappears with rest.

You can determine the level of occlusion by palpation of peripheral pulses of the patient. If the femoral pulse is reduced, the disease may have the iliac artery. If the popliteal pulse is absent, you can have afemoral artery occlusion.

As the disease progresses, the pain each time to limit the activity of a patient, and will feel pain at rest. The pain can disrupt your sleep, forcing him to sleep with the legs in a dependent position. However, it further compromises the position of venous return, reducing blood flow to the legs.

You may also experience numbness and tingling caused by ischemic nerve tissue in the affected leg. The skin of the affected leg may be hairless, coldtouch, dry and bright. Nails can be enlarged. When the affected leg is elevated, may be evident. When you are in a dependent position, can be ruborous (red-blue-purple).

If the results of peripheral vascular disease in severe ischemia, painful ulcers may form at sites of pressure over bony prominences such as the heel, ankle, fingers and back of the foot. Usually, these ulcers are round, well circumscribed, and light gray. It also can be covered with black scabs.

Kidney disease - the underlying cause of resistant chronic hypertension (high blood pressure).

The kidneys are organs that regulate systemic blood pressure. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs in the back of the abdominal cavity beneath the lower edge of the rib cage and the upper limit of the pelvic cavity. The two kidneys regulate the volume of blood, excrete waste acids, metabolize drugs, electrolyte balance and produce certain hormones. Yes, the kidneys do much more than urine. In Chinese medicine, is still believed that the strength of the kidneys of controlbones, and fertility. This article will focus on how kidney disease can cause high blood pressure or cause intractable.

Hypertension accelerates renal failure. The reverse is also true. In physiology, it is always thought that kidney patients need high blood pressure to maintain tissue perfusion. This simply means that for the rest of the tissues of the body to continue to receive nutrients and oxygen through the blood, kidneys, blood pressure should increase. This is anatural survival mechanism that is incompatible with optimal health.

The renal vascular bed is a low pressure. In other words, the kidneys are very sensitive to changes in blood pressure and tend to react to spasm of the renal arteries (sclerosis) and increased blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin mechanism aldolsterone. Do not let this ride, I'll explain.

Renin is a hormone that is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells in response to a decrease in blood volume, lowpotassium, adrenaline down, or decrease renal perfusion pressure. Renin then becomes a protein of 10 amino acids (liver) called angiotensinogen to 8-amino acid polypeptide called angiotensin I. Angiotensin - still inactive, but active in the lungs of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to angiotensin II activates. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor. At the same time, renin stimulates the adrenal glands (adrenal glands) to secrete a hormone called aldosteronewhich in turn stimulate the kidney nephron salt and water reabsorbed to expand blood volume. All this in an attempt to increase blood pressure.

Now, apart from atherosclerosis and blood viscosity, the leading cause of essential hypertension is the glomerular sclerosis. The glomerulus is the filtration apparatus of the kidneys. Glomerulo-sclerosis is a fancy way of saying that the glomerulus have been hardened by the debris, fibrin clots (fibrosis) and obstruction acid residues of the filters. Therefore, the pressureaccumulates. The flow is now more than off-flow. Nephron tubules or harden at the same time. call this nephrosclerosis. Diabetes can also accelerate this process, such as diabetic nephropathy.

Note that before hypertension is diagnosed, however, half of the kidneys are gone. If hypertension is accompanied by swelling of the legs, swollen eyes and fatigue in the absence of heart failure, renal must have been sick. The sad part is that renal function tests, asBUN and serum creatinine may be normal even in this time.

To avoid end-stage renal failure and hypertension assistant, an ounce of prevention is always better than a pound of cure. Stop all food that is bad for the kidneys, such as junk foods and devitalized fragmented. This fried foods, processed, medications such as aspirin, excess refined sugar, heavy metals (lead and cadmium) heavy animal protein, coffee and diuretics, especially antihypertensives.

Arestore the return to normal kidney before it is too late to do some debridement "with a mixture of enzymes containing proteolytic enzymes such as Nattokinase and Serrapeptase. Herbs environment as milk thistle, bearberry, parsley, beards corn, and buchu kidney. Raw fruits and vegetables also help to reinvigorate and kidney function without harmful drugs. To get rid of heavy metals, EDTA chelation is carried out, malic acid, vitamin C, N -acetylcysteine, magnesium, vitamin B6, CoQ10 andZinc.

Gastrointestinal disease in HIV-AIDS Exhibition

Gastrointestinal diseases, especially diarrhea, are a major problem for patients with HIV. Salmonella can be a persistent problem, especially in patients with blood or mucus in the stool. Severe and prolonged diarrhea in pediatric patients with AIDS also occurs with parasitic enteric pathogens, particularly Glardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium. In some cases, even after extensive evaluation, no specific etiology can be found to explain the diarrhea.

Clinical evaluationand ancillary data
Using an aggressive diagnostic approach, because many acute illnesses are treatable. For example, a child with HIV infection presented with fever is most likely a bacterial infection: obtaining a complete blood count (CBC), blood culture, urinalysis and chest X-ray if there is no obvious source of foot examination, imaging studies, such as movies of the breast may be indicated. If your child has a history of neutrophils may be depressed, whichinfluence treatment decisions. The new onset of pulmonary symptoms requires a thorough evaluation. Although many of these patients can not easily curable lung disease, early treatment is important because it is difficult to distinguish clinically common forms of pneumonia in children, AIDS, hospitalization is often required. In these patients, initial diagnostic tests include chest radiograph, white blood cell count, blood culture, and in the appropriate epidemiologicalestablishment, nasopharyngeal specimens by immunofluorescence or culture.

Weight loss and diarrhea may be acute or chronic and are often quite severe. In addition to routine bacterial culture, stool for ova and parasites obtained. Assess the hydration status of the patient clinically and measure serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine, as the great loss of fluid and electrolyte imbalances are sometimes present deep. CNS symptoms and physical signs to determinelumbar puncture, or if the analysis is appropriate. If lumbar puncture is performed for more fluid than is necessary for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, and other tests are often referred to as a culture of acid-organisms, viral culture and cryptococcal antigen. If focal neurologic signs are present, to schedule a CT scan to evaluate lymphoma or toxoplasmosis.

Treatment and disposal
The treatment plan and the decision to hospitalize a patient should be madein collaboration with the family, many families want aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic plan, while others prefer to maintain limited medical intervention, in order to make the patient comfortable.

Consider hospitalizing patients with HIV infection with fever without focus of infection, the recent emergence of the lung or CNS manifestations, or failure to thrive or diarrhea. Patients who are severely ill and require hospitalization may require antibiotic treatment.If a source of infection is seen, for example, the media, sinusitis or otitis, and no evidence of bacteremia, the patient can be managed and patients. However, a longer duration of therapy is necessary, for example, treatment of sinusitis for at least 3 weeks.

In the case of suspected bacteremia, antibiotics should be effective against encapsulated organisms and enteric gram-negative. For each patient with HIV who do not require that the main problemReferences to medical management and long term. Due to the complex and chronic nature of pediatric HIV infection, non-urgent problems are best handled in the Pacific, based in the family or in an outpatient clinic, not the emergency department. Isolation techniques are based on the mode of transmission of the disease.

Gastrointestinal disease in HIV-AIDS Exhibition

Gastrointestinal diseases, especially diarrhea, are a major problem for patients with HIV. Salmonella can be a persistent problem, especially in patients with blood or mucus in the stool. Severe and prolonged diarrhea in pediatric patients with AIDS also occurs with parasitic enteric pathogens, particularly Glardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium. In some cases, even after extensive evaluation, no specific etiology can be found to explain the diarrhea.

Clinical evaluationand ancillary data
Using an aggressive diagnostic approach, because many acute illnesses are treatable. For example, a child with HIV infection presented with fever is most likely a bacterial infection: obtaining a complete blood count (CBC), blood culture, urinalysis and chest X-ray if there is no obvious source of foot examination, imaging studies, such as movies of the breast may be indicated. If your child has a history of neutrophils may be depressed, whichinfluence treatment decisions. The new onset of pulmonary symptoms requires a thorough evaluation. Although many of these patients can not easily curable lung disease, early treatment is important because it is difficult to distinguish clinically common forms of pneumonia in children, AIDS, hospitalization is often required. In these patients, initial diagnostic tests include chest radiograph, white blood cell count, blood culture, and in the appropriate epidemiologicalestablishment, nasopharyngeal specimens by immunofluorescence or culture.

Weight loss and diarrhea may be acute or chronic and are often very serious. In addition to routine bacterial culture, stool for ova and parasites obtained. Assess the hydration status of the patient clinically and measure serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine, as the great loss of fluid and electrolyte imbalances are sometimes present deep. CNS symptoms and physical signs to determinelumbar puncture, or if the analysis is appropriate. If lumbar puncture is performed for more fluid than is necessary for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, and other tests are often referred to as a culture of acid-organisms, viral culture and cryptococcal antigen. If focal neurologic signs are present, to schedule a CT scan to evaluate lymphoma or toxoplasmosis.

Treatment and disposal
The treatment plan and the decision to hospitalize a patient should be madein collaboration with the family, many families want aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic plan, while others prefer to maintain limited medical intervention, in order to make the patient comfortable.

Consider hospitalizing patients with HIV infection with fever without focus of infection, the recent emergence of the lung or CNS manifestations, or failure to thrive or diarrhea. Patients who are severely ill and require hospitalization may require antibiotic treatment.If a source of infection is seen, for example, the media, sinusitis or otitis, and no evidence of bacteremia, the patient can be managed and patients. However, a longer duration of therapy is necessary, for example, treatment of sinusitis for at least 3 weeks.

In the case of suspected bacteremia, antibiotics should be effective against encapsulated organisms and enteric gram-negative. For each patient with HIV who do not require that the main problemReferences to medical management and long term. Due to the complex and chronic nature of pediatric HIV infection, non-urgent problems are best handled in the Pacific, based in the family or in an outpatient clinic, not the emergency department. Isolation techniques are based on the mode of transmission of the disease.

Renal cat - Tips to recognize the signs of kidney failure in cats

His criticism to seek veterinary treatment immediately if signs of a kidney problem in a cat. The sooner your cat receives treatment that is more likely to have a longer life with you. While chronic kidney disease arrives for an extended period of time, acute renal failure is an emergency. Here are some tips on recognizing symptoms of kidney failure in cats.

Feline kidney is vulnerable to a range of deadly diseases that can lead to kidney failure in a cator chronic renal failure. Your vet would probably agree with the statistics to see more cats 7 years of age who have symptoms of kidney failure in cats.

The risk of feline kidney disease can be inherited. Some long-haired breeds such as Angora and Persian cats and short hair and the Abyssinians are genetically more prone to kidney problems, whether acute or chronic renal failure.

The main difference between acute and chronic renal failure in cats is that acuteKidney failure is a very serious situation that occurs relatively quickly - over a week or a month. Chronic renal failure creeps in your cat for a long time, even years.

The most common causes of acute renal failure include locks that prevent a good flow of blood to kidney stones in a cat or inflammation and block the flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder. The most common cause of kidney failure in cats occurs when the cat swallows a toxic substance asantifreeze, pesticides, detergents and medicines for humans.

Signs of kidney failure in cats

Occasional vomiting
The increase in water consumption
Increased urination
Loss of appetite, weight loss

Your veterinarian can use a pair of terms "polydipsia" or "polyuria". Polydipsia means your cat is drinking lots of water - lots of it. On the other hand, polydipsia means your cat is urinating a lot - very, very. In fact, this may be the first sign ofrecognition of a kidney problem in a cat. When cleaning the litter box pee-balls are a number of cat litter, or unusually large.

If the veterinarian suspects of renal failure in a cat that will evaluate your cat's BUN. BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels as well. When these are high, it means that your cat's kidneys are not working and need extra help.

Traditionally, treatment of kidney failure in cats is determined bydisorder that causes the disease. If acute renal failure is caused by a blockage of the urinary tract stone should be removed immediately. Treatment of chronic renal failure is a more conservative approach. This may include therapy, intravenous fluids and dietary modifications.

The dog owner's guide to canine renal failure

Canine Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys stop your dog's exercise of its functions to eliminate waste and regulate fluids in the blood. This condition can occur suddenly or gradually worsen over a long period of time. One might ask what are the differences between the two are.

Acute

Acute renal failure in dogs is a life-threatening. The kidneys suddenly stop removing toxins and the regulation of fluid and urine. If your dog stopsurinate can die quickly. The loss of kidney function can also cause a rapid case of heart failure, hypertension and death. Although not fatal, the condition can progressively chronic shortage.

Chronic

Chronic shortage occurs over a long period of time. It usually affects cats over ten years. As the condition worsens, your dog may start vomiting and urinating and drinking too much. This chronic disease also causes plaster, badbreath, anemia, convulsions and sudden loss of vision.

Causes

One of the most common causes of kidney failure canine ingestion of toxins. This includes herbicides, pesticides, toxic plants, and especially anti-freeze. Medications can also cause dog problems. These include anti-parasitic drugs, anesthetics, antibiotics, medicines for hypertension and aspirin.

There are many other causes of kidney failure in dogs. Tumors of the bones, kidneys, and lymphnodes are common. Bacterial infections that travel through the urinary tract, the kidneys can also cause problems.

Diagnosis

If you suspect that the kidneys are the problem, your veterinarian will test a sample of blood and urine. The urine specific gravity provides a great indicator of renal function. Urine also has a lot of sugar or protein in it. The blood sample is useful to check serum creatinine and urea. If "samples can be analyzed in the office that will be sent to a lab.

Treatment

After the diagnosis of canine kidney failure, treatment depends on the underlying cause. Antibiotics and supportive therapy, hopefully, treatment of a bacterial infection of the kidneys. Like humans, dogs also can receive dialysis or a kidney transplant. These two methods of treatment are the stages of disease progression.

Renal cat - Tips to recognize the signs of kidney failure in cats

His criticism to seek veterinary treatment immediately if signs of a kidney problem in a cat. The sooner your cat receives treatment that is more likely to have a longer life with you. While chronic kidney disease arrives for an extended period of time, acute renal failure is an emergency. Here are some tips on recognizing symptoms of kidney failure in cats.

Feline kidney is vulnerable to a range of deadly diseases that can lead to kidney failure in a cator chronic renal failure. Your vet would probably agree with the statistics to see more cats 7 years of age who have symptoms of kidney failure in cats.

The risk of feline kidney disease can be inherited. Some long-haired breeds such as Angora and Persian cats and short haired Abyssinians are genetically more prone to kidney problems, whether acute or chronic renal failure.

The main difference between acute and chronic renal failure in cats is that acuteKidney failure is a very serious situation that occurs relatively quickly - over a week or a month. Chronic renal failure creeps in your cat for a long time, even years.

The most common causes of acute renal failure include locks that prevent a good flow of blood to kidney stones in a cat or inflammation and block the flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder. The most common cause of kidney failure in cats occurs when the cat swallows a toxic substance asantifreeze, pesticides, detergents and medicines for humans.

Signs of kidney failure in cats

Occasional vomiting
The increase in water consumption
Increased urination
Loss of appetite, weight loss

Your veterinarian can use a pair of terms "polydipsia" or "polyuria". Polydipsia means your cat is drinking lots of water - lots of it. On the other hand, polydipsia means your cat is urinating a lot - very, very. In fact, this may be the first sign ofrecognition of a kidney problem in a cat. When cleaning the litter box pee-balls are a number of cat litter, or unusually large.

If the veterinarian suspects of renal failure in a cat that will evaluate your cat's BUN. BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels as well. When these are high, it means that your cat's kidneys are not working and need extra help.

Traditionally, treatment of kidney failure in cats is determined bydisorder that causes the disease. If acute renal failure is caused by a blockage of the urinary tract stone should be removed immediately. Treatment of chronic renal failure is a more conservative approach. This may include therapy, intravenous fluids and dietary modifications.