The peculiarities of renal function in early childhood

The peculiarities of renal function in early infancy are as follows
1. glomerular filtration rate is low and does not reach adult values ​​until the child is between 1 and 2 years old.
2. There is considerable variation in the length of the tubular nephrons, although the size is less variable glomerular
3. Juxtaglomerular nephrons have a further development of cortical nephrons
4. The kidney's ability to concentrate baby does not reach adult levels untilon the third month of life.
5. An adequate amount of antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland of the newborn, other factors seem to interfere with the reabsorption of water
6. The loop of Henle, which is essential for the ability to concentrate is not fully developed in the newborn.
7. urea synthesis and excretion load is minimized.
8. The lowest concentration of urea, the end product of nitrogen metabolism, reduced ability to concentrate, asalso contributes to the focusing mechanism
9. Newborns are able to excrete a water load in the rates of the elderly.
10. excretion of hydrogen ions is reduced
11. acid secretion is lower for the first year of life
12. plasma bicarbonate is low.
13. As a result of these deficiencies of the kidney and less effective damping of the blood, the baby is more likely to develop severe acidosis
14. sodium excretion is reduced in the immediate neonatal period, andthe kidneys are less able to adapt to the shortage and excess sodium
15. An infusion of saline may produce edema due to the ability to eliminate excess sodium is compromised. By contrast, tubular reabsorption of sodium can aggravate inappropriate sodium loss in disorders such as diarrhea or vmitting
16. Babies have a diminished capacity of reabsorption of glucose, and during the early days, for the production of ammonium ions.

age-quantitative, depending on the characteristicskidneys and collecting system in children

1-3 days of life
• The volume of urine is 30-50 UV light for 24 hours (ml)
• Urinary frequency is 4-6 times / day
• an average volume of urine is 50 to 10 ml
• specific gravity of urine is 1006-1012
glomerular filtration rate • on the basis of creatinine clearance (endogenous) is ml/min/1.73m2 34-40.

4-28 days of life
• The volume of urine is 200-300 UV for 24 hours (ml)
• The frequency of urination is 20-25 times a day
• an average volume of urine is 12-20 ml
• specific gravity of urine is 1002-1006
glomerular filtration rate • on the basis of creatinine clearance (endogenous) is 40-50 ml/min/1.73m2

1-12 months of life
• The volume of urine is 600 UV for 24 hours (ml)
• Urinary frequency is 10-25 times a day
• an average volume of urine is 50-60 ml
• specific gravity of urine is 1004-1008
• glomerular filtration rate, according tocreatinine clearance (endogenous) is 60-70 ml/min/1.73m2

1-3 years of life
• The volume of urine is 700 UV for 24 hours (ml)
• Urinary frequency is 8-10 times a day
• an average volume of urine is 80-90 ml
• specific gravity of urine is 1009-1012
glomerular filtration rate • on the basis of creatinine clearance (endogenous) is 70-100 ml/min/1.73m2

3-6 years of life
• The volume of urine is 800-1000 UV for 24 hours (ml)
• FrequencyUrination is 6-8 times / day
• an average volume of urine is 90-100 ml
• specific gravity of urine is 1010-1016
glomerular filtration rate • on the basis of creatinine clearance (endogenous) is 100-120 ml/min/1.73m2

6-10 years of life
• The volume of urine is 1100-1500 UV for 24 hours (ml)
• Urinary frequency is 5-6 times / day
• an average volume of 100 to 150 ml of urine
• specific gravity of urine is 1012-1020
• glomerular filtrationrate as creatinine clearance (endogenous) is 120-140 ml/min/1.73m2

The location of the kidneys according to the vertebral column

Baby
• The left side of the summit is higher at the bottom of the eleventh thoracic vertebra
• The close of the summit on the top floor of the twelfth thoracic vertebra
• The bottom left of the peak is below the iliac crest.

3-5 months
• The left side of the summit is the highest level of XIIthoracic vertebra
• The right side of the tip is higher in the bottom of the twelfth thoracic vertebra

1 year
• The left side of the summit is at the top level of the bottom of the twelfth thoracic vertebra
• The right side of the peak top is at the bottom of the twelfth thoracic vertebra

2 years and older
• The left side of the tip is higher than in adults
• The right side of the climax is more likeAdults
• The bottom left of the summit is above the iliac crest.

Any significant deviation form of any of these indices indicate a normal thing, an anomaly!