Treatment of renal disease - Hypertension

The treatment of kidney disease include drug therapy and nutritional therapy. To avoid further deterioration of renal failure, treatment is designed to control hypertension with antihypertensive drugs and sodium and fluid restriction.

Usually, your doctor will prescribe an ACE inhibitor or a calcium channel blocker to control the patient's hypertension. He may also prescribe a diuretic to reduce fluid overload the patient.

If the patient is the level of phosphateis high, your doctor may limit your intake of phosphate from 700 to 1200 mg per day. It also may prescribe an antacid that contains aluminum hydroxide, aluminum carbonate, calcium phosphate binder. Due to high levels of aluminum can cause neurological symptoms, a calcium phosphate-based binder may be preferable. Antacids containing magnesium is contraindicated because magnesium is excreted by the kidneys.

If the patient has anemia, your doctor may prescribe iron supplementsand folic acid to increase red blood cell production. You can also request erythropoietin is administered intravenously or subcutaneously. However, the patient will have their blood pressure closely monitored due to erythropoietin may aggravate hypertension.

Nutritional therapy may include protein, sodium, potassium, and fluid restrictions. Protein restriction may slow the deterioration of renal function. Generally, if your doctor orders a protein restriction, daily protein intake of the patientbe reduced to 0.6 to 0.8 g / kg body weight.

Sodium restriction can vary from 1 to 3 grams per day, depending on the ability of the patient's kidneys to excrete sodium as well as the amount of edema and the severity of hypertension. If your doctor orders a restriction of potassium intake of potassium in the patient is reduced to 2 to 3 grams per day. Since most salt substitutes containing potassium, to avoid giving the patient with kidney disease.

If ' physician orders a fluid restriction, the patient is usually limited to a contribution equal to the output of urine over 500 ml to 600.

The patient may have a low level of sodium in the serum due to the inability of the kidneys to reabsorb sodium. You can also have a low serum calcium level caused by reduced renal absorption. And his serum potassium and phosphorus may be elevated due to reduced renal excretion of potassium and phosphate.

If you have high blood urea> Nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, renal disease may cause azotemia. If the kidneys lose their ability to produce erythropoietin, can become anemic.

Kidney disease can cause symptoms of the patient's other body systems. There may be distension of the jugular vein, pulse full and bounding, peripheral edema, pulmonary edema and heart failure. It may show signs of metabolic acidosis, including Kussmaul breathing. And you can develop anorexia, nausea, vomiting,diarrhea, lethargy and difficulty concentrating.