Signs and symptoms of kidney disease - Hypertension

Signs and symptoms of kidney failure may be similar to those of kidney failure, according to the degree of renal impairment. If the patient's kidneys lose the ability to concentrate urine, polyuria and nocturia may develop. If your kidney disease is renal failure and progresses, oliguria may develop. Your urine may have a specific weight and a high concentration of sodium. It may also be bloody or tea colored and contain high concentrations of mold and red> Blood Cells (RBC) and white blood cells (leukocytes).

The patient may have low serum sodium because of their inability to reabsorb sodium kidneys. You can also have a low serum calcium level caused by reduced renal absorption. And his serum potassium and phosphate may be high due to reduced renal excretion of potassium and phosphate.

If he has elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, kidney diseaseresult of urea. If the kidneys lose their ability to produce erythropoietin, can become anemic.

Kidney disease can cause symptoms of the patient's other body systems. There may be distension of the jugular vein, pulse full and bounding, peripheral edema, pulmonary edema and heart failure. It may show signs of metabolic acidosis, including Kussmaul breathing. And you can develop anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy and difficulty concentrating.

Signs and symptomsPeripheral vascular disease

In the early stages of peripheral vascular disease, the patient may experience pain in the calves or buttocks when walking, depending on the level of vascular occlusion. Usually, this pain, called claudication, disappears with rest.

You can determine the level of occlusion by palpation of peripheral pulses of the patient. If the femoral pulse is reduced, the disease may have the iliac artery. If the popliteal pulse is absent, you can have afemoral artery occlusion.

As the disease progresses, the pain each time to limit the activity of a patient, and will feel pain at rest. The pain can disrupt your sleep, forcing him to sleep with the legs in a dependent position. However, it further compromises the position of venous return, reducing blood flow to the legs.

You may also experience numbness and tingling caused by ischemic nerve tissue in the affected leg. The skin of the affected leg may be hairless, coldtouch, dry and bright. Nails can be enlarged. When the affected leg is elevated, may be evident. When you are in a dependent position, can be ruborous (red-blue-purple).

If the results of peripheral vascular disease in severe ischemia, painful ulcers may form at sites of pressure over bony prominences such as the heel, ankle, fingers and back of the foot. Usually, these ulcers are round, well circumscribed, and light gray. It also can be covered with black scabs.

Kidney disease - the underlying cause of resistant chronic hypertension (high blood pressure).

The kidneys are organs that regulate systemic blood pressure. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs in the back of the abdominal cavity beneath the lower edge of the rib cage and the upper limit of the pelvic cavity. The two kidneys regulate the volume of blood, excrete waste acids, metabolize drugs, electrolyte balance and produce certain hormones. Yes, the kidneys do much more than urine. In Chinese medicine, is still believed that the strength of the kidneys of controlbones, and fertility. This article will focus on how kidney disease can cause high blood pressure or cause intractable.

Hypertension accelerates renal failure. The reverse is also true. In physiology, it is always thought that kidney patients need high blood pressure to maintain tissue perfusion. This simply means that for the rest of the tissues of the body to continue to receive nutrients and oxygen through the blood, kidneys, blood pressure should increase. This is anatural survival mechanism that is incompatible with optimal health.

The renal vascular bed is a low pressure. In other words, the kidneys are very sensitive to changes in blood pressure and tend to react to spasm of the renal arteries (sclerosis) and increased blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin mechanism aldolsterone. Do not let this ride, I'll explain.

Renin is a hormone that is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells in response to a decrease in blood volume, lowpotassium, adrenaline down, or decrease renal perfusion pressure. Renin then becomes a protein of 10 amino acids (liver) called angiotensinogen to 8-amino acid polypeptide called angiotensin I. Angiotensin - still inactive, but active in the lungs of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to angiotensin II activates. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor. At the same time, renin stimulates the adrenal glands (adrenal glands) to secrete a hormone called aldosteronewhich in turn stimulate the kidney nephron salt and water reabsorbed to expand blood volume. All this in an attempt to increase blood pressure.

Now, apart from atherosclerosis and blood viscosity, the leading cause of essential hypertension is the glomerular sclerosis. The glomerulus is the filtration apparatus of the kidneys. Glomerulo-sclerosis is a fancy way of saying that the glomerulus have been hardened by the debris, fibrin clots (fibrosis) and obstruction acid residues of the filters. Therefore, the pressureaccumulates. The flow is now more than off-flow. Nephron tubules or harden at the same time. call this nephrosclerosis. Diabetes can also accelerate this process, such as diabetic nephropathy.

Note that before hypertension is diagnosed, however, half of the kidneys are gone. If hypertension is accompanied by swelling of the legs, swollen eyes and fatigue in the absence of heart failure, renal must have been sick. The sad part is that renal function tests, asBUN and serum creatinine may be normal even in this time.

To avoid end-stage renal failure and hypertension assistant, an ounce of prevention is always better than a pound of cure. Stop all food that is bad for the kidneys, such as junk foods and devitalized fragmented. This fried foods, processed, medications such as aspirin, excess refined sugar, heavy metals (lead and cadmium) heavy animal protein, coffee and diuretics, especially antihypertensives.

Arestore the return to normal kidney before it is too late to do some debridement "with a mixture of enzymes containing proteolytic enzymes such as Nattokinase and Serrapeptase. Herbs environment as milk thistle, bearberry, parsley, beards corn, and buchu kidney. Raw fruits and vegetables also help to reinvigorate and kidney function without harmful drugs. To get rid of heavy metals, EDTA chelation is carried out, malic acid, vitamin C, N -acetylcysteine, magnesium, vitamin B6, CoQ10 andZinc.

Gastrointestinal disease in HIV-AIDS Exhibition

Gastrointestinal diseases, especially diarrhea, are a major problem for patients with HIV. Salmonella can be a persistent problem, especially in patients with blood or mucus in the stool. Severe and prolonged diarrhea in pediatric patients with AIDS also occurs with parasitic enteric pathogens, particularly Glardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium. In some cases, even after extensive evaluation, no specific etiology can be found to explain the diarrhea.

Clinical evaluationand ancillary data
Using an aggressive diagnostic approach, because many acute illnesses are treatable. For example, a child with HIV infection presented with fever is most likely a bacterial infection: obtaining a complete blood count (CBC), blood culture, urinalysis and chest X-ray if there is no obvious source of foot examination, imaging studies, such as movies of the breast may be indicated. If your child has a history of neutrophils may be depressed, whichinfluence treatment decisions. The new onset of pulmonary symptoms requires a thorough evaluation. Although many of these patients can not easily curable lung disease, early treatment is important because it is difficult to distinguish clinically common forms of pneumonia in children, AIDS, hospitalization is often required. In these patients, initial diagnostic tests include chest radiograph, white blood cell count, blood culture, and in the appropriate epidemiologicalestablishment, nasopharyngeal specimens by immunofluorescence or culture.

Weight loss and diarrhea may be acute or chronic and are often quite severe. In addition to routine bacterial culture, stool for ova and parasites obtained. Assess the hydration status of the patient clinically and measure serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine, as the great loss of fluid and electrolyte imbalances are sometimes present deep. CNS symptoms and physical signs to determinelumbar puncture, or if the analysis is appropriate. If lumbar puncture is performed for more fluid than is necessary for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, and other tests are often referred to as a culture of acid-organisms, viral culture and cryptococcal antigen. If focal neurologic signs are present, to schedule a CT scan to evaluate lymphoma or toxoplasmosis.

Treatment and disposal
The treatment plan and the decision to hospitalize a patient should be madein collaboration with the family, many families want aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic plan, while others prefer to maintain limited medical intervention, in order to make the patient comfortable.

Consider hospitalizing patients with HIV infection with fever without focus of infection, the recent emergence of the lung or CNS manifestations, or failure to thrive or diarrhea. Patients who are severely ill and require hospitalization may require antibiotic treatment.If a source of infection is seen, for example, the media, sinusitis or otitis, and no evidence of bacteremia, the patient can be managed and patients. However, a longer duration of therapy is necessary, for example, treatment of sinusitis for at least 3 weeks.

In the case of suspected bacteremia, antibiotics should be effective against encapsulated organisms and enteric gram-negative. For each patient with HIV who do not require that the main problemReferences to medical management and long term. Due to the complex and chronic nature of pediatric HIV infection, non-urgent problems are best handled in the Pacific, based in the family or in an outpatient clinic, not the emergency department. Isolation techniques are based on the mode of transmission of the disease.

Gastrointestinal disease in HIV-AIDS Exhibition

Gastrointestinal diseases, especially diarrhea, are a major problem for patients with HIV. Salmonella can be a persistent problem, especially in patients with blood or mucus in the stool. Severe and prolonged diarrhea in pediatric patients with AIDS also occurs with parasitic enteric pathogens, particularly Glardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium. In some cases, even after extensive evaluation, no specific etiology can be found to explain the diarrhea.

Clinical evaluationand ancillary data
Using an aggressive diagnostic approach, because many acute illnesses are treatable. For example, a child with HIV infection presented with fever is most likely a bacterial infection: obtaining a complete blood count (CBC), blood culture, urinalysis and chest X-ray if there is no obvious source of foot examination, imaging studies, such as movies of the breast may be indicated. If your child has a history of neutrophils may be depressed, whichinfluence treatment decisions. The new onset of pulmonary symptoms requires a thorough evaluation. Although many of these patients can not easily curable lung disease, early treatment is important because it is difficult to distinguish clinically common forms of pneumonia in children, AIDS, hospitalization is often required. In these patients, initial diagnostic tests include chest radiograph, white blood cell count, blood culture, and in the appropriate epidemiologicalestablishment, nasopharyngeal specimens by immunofluorescence or culture.

Weight loss and diarrhea may be acute or chronic and are often very serious. In addition to routine bacterial culture, stool for ova and parasites obtained. Assess the hydration status of the patient clinically and measure serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine, as the great loss of fluid and electrolyte imbalances are sometimes present deep. CNS symptoms and physical signs to determinelumbar puncture, or if the analysis is appropriate. If lumbar puncture is performed for more fluid than is necessary for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, and other tests are often referred to as a culture of acid-organisms, viral culture and cryptococcal antigen. If focal neurologic signs are present, to schedule a CT scan to evaluate lymphoma or toxoplasmosis.

Treatment and disposal
The treatment plan and the decision to hospitalize a patient should be madein collaboration with the family, many families want aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic plan, while others prefer to maintain limited medical intervention, in order to make the patient comfortable.

Consider hospitalizing patients with HIV infection with fever without focus of infection, the recent emergence of the lung or CNS manifestations, or failure to thrive or diarrhea. Patients who are severely ill and require hospitalization may require antibiotic treatment.If a source of infection is seen, for example, the media, sinusitis or otitis, and no evidence of bacteremia, the patient can be managed and patients. However, a longer duration of therapy is necessary, for example, treatment of sinusitis for at least 3 weeks.

In the case of suspected bacteremia, antibiotics should be effective against encapsulated organisms and enteric gram-negative. For each patient with HIV who do not require that the main problemReferences to medical management and long term. Due to the complex and chronic nature of pediatric HIV infection, non-urgent problems are best handled in the Pacific, based in the family or in an outpatient clinic, not the emergency department. Isolation techniques are based on the mode of transmission of the disease.

Renal cat - Tips to recognize the signs of kidney failure in cats

His criticism to seek veterinary treatment immediately if signs of a kidney problem in a cat. The sooner your cat receives treatment that is more likely to have a longer life with you. While chronic kidney disease arrives for an extended period of time, acute renal failure is an emergency. Here are some tips on recognizing symptoms of kidney failure in cats.

Feline kidney is vulnerable to a range of deadly diseases that can lead to kidney failure in a cator chronic renal failure. Your vet would probably agree with the statistics to see more cats 7 years of age who have symptoms of kidney failure in cats.

The risk of feline kidney disease can be inherited. Some long-haired breeds such as Angora and Persian cats and short hair and the Abyssinians are genetically more prone to kidney problems, whether acute or chronic renal failure.

The main difference between acute and chronic renal failure in cats is that acuteKidney failure is a very serious situation that occurs relatively quickly - over a week or a month. Chronic renal failure creeps in your cat for a long time, even years.

The most common causes of acute renal failure include locks that prevent a good flow of blood to kidney stones in a cat or inflammation and block the flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder. The most common cause of kidney failure in cats occurs when the cat swallows a toxic substance asantifreeze, pesticides, detergents and medicines for humans.

Signs of kidney failure in cats

Occasional vomiting
The increase in water consumption
Increased urination
Loss of appetite, weight loss

Your veterinarian can use a pair of terms "polydipsia" or "polyuria". Polydipsia means your cat is drinking lots of water - lots of it. On the other hand, polydipsia means your cat is urinating a lot - very, very. In fact, this may be the first sign ofrecognition of a kidney problem in a cat. When cleaning the litter box pee-balls are a number of cat litter, or unusually large.

If the veterinarian suspects of renal failure in a cat that will evaluate your cat's BUN. BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels as well. When these are high, it means that your cat's kidneys are not working and need extra help.

Traditionally, treatment of kidney failure in cats is determined bydisorder that causes the disease. If acute renal failure is caused by a blockage of the urinary tract stone should be removed immediately. Treatment of chronic renal failure is a more conservative approach. This may include therapy, intravenous fluids and dietary modifications.

The dog owner's guide to canine renal failure

Canine Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys stop your dog's exercise of its functions to eliminate waste and regulate fluids in the blood. This condition can occur suddenly or gradually worsen over a long period of time. One might ask what are the differences between the two are.

Acute

Acute renal failure in dogs is a life-threatening. The kidneys suddenly stop removing toxins and the regulation of fluid and urine. If your dog stopsurinate can die quickly. The loss of kidney function can also cause a rapid case of heart failure, hypertension and death. Although not fatal, the condition can progressively chronic shortage.

Chronic

Chronic shortage occurs over a long period of time. It usually affects cats over ten years. As the condition worsens, your dog may start vomiting and urinating and drinking too much. This chronic disease also causes plaster, badbreath, anemia, convulsions and sudden loss of vision.

Causes

One of the most common causes of kidney failure canine ingestion of toxins. This includes herbicides, pesticides, toxic plants, and especially anti-freeze. Medications can also cause dog problems. These include anti-parasitic drugs, anesthetics, antibiotics, medicines for hypertension and aspirin.

There are many other causes of kidney failure in dogs. Tumors of the bones, kidneys, and lymphnodes are common. Bacterial infections that travel through the urinary tract, the kidneys can also cause problems.

Diagnosis

If you suspect that the kidneys are the problem, your veterinarian will test a sample of blood and urine. The urine specific gravity provides a great indicator of renal function. Urine also has a lot of sugar or protein in it. The blood sample is useful to check serum creatinine and urea. If "samples can be analyzed in the office that will be sent to a lab.

Treatment

After the diagnosis of canine kidney failure, treatment depends on the underlying cause. Antibiotics and supportive therapy, hopefully, treatment of a bacterial infection of the kidneys. Like humans, dogs also can receive dialysis or a kidney transplant. These two methods of treatment are the stages of disease progression.

Renal cat - Tips to recognize the signs of kidney failure in cats

His criticism to seek veterinary treatment immediately if signs of a kidney problem in a cat. The sooner your cat receives treatment that is more likely to have a longer life with you. While chronic kidney disease arrives for an extended period of time, acute renal failure is an emergency. Here are some tips on recognizing symptoms of kidney failure in cats.

Feline kidney is vulnerable to a range of deadly diseases that can lead to kidney failure in a cator chronic renal failure. Your vet would probably agree with the statistics to see more cats 7 years of age who have symptoms of kidney failure in cats.

The risk of feline kidney disease can be inherited. Some long-haired breeds such as Angora and Persian cats and short haired Abyssinians are genetically more prone to kidney problems, whether acute or chronic renal failure.

The main difference between acute and chronic renal failure in cats is that acuteKidney failure is a very serious situation that occurs relatively quickly - over a week or a month. Chronic renal failure creeps in your cat for a long time, even years.

The most common causes of acute renal failure include locks that prevent a good flow of blood to kidney stones in a cat or inflammation and block the flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder. The most common cause of kidney failure in cats occurs when the cat swallows a toxic substance asantifreeze, pesticides, detergents and medicines for humans.

Signs of kidney failure in cats

Occasional vomiting
The increase in water consumption
Increased urination
Loss of appetite, weight loss

Your veterinarian can use a pair of terms "polydipsia" or "polyuria". Polydipsia means your cat is drinking lots of water - lots of it. On the other hand, polydipsia means your cat is urinating a lot - very, very. In fact, this may be the first sign ofrecognition of a kidney problem in a cat. When cleaning the litter box pee-balls are a number of cat litter, or unusually large.

If the veterinarian suspects of renal failure in a cat that will evaluate your cat's BUN. BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels as well. When these are high, it means that your cat's kidneys are not working and need extra help.

Traditionally, treatment of kidney failure in cats is determined bydisorder that causes the disease. If acute renal failure is caused by a blockage of the urinary tract stone should be removed immediately. Treatment of chronic renal failure is a more conservative approach. This may include therapy, intravenous fluids and dietary modifications.